About me

I am a Ph.D. Candidate in RoboLAND at the University of Southern California (USC), advised by Dr. Feifei Qian. I build legged robots that use legs and bodies as active force sensors, enabling real-time terrain estimation and adaptive navigation beyond vision or LiDAR for wild applications, supported by NASA projects such as LASSIE and TRUSSES.

I also collaborate with Dr. Gaurav S. Sukhatme on embodied proactive agents for human-robot teaming, developing foundation model frameworks that combine fast–slow reasoning to enable robots to proactively assist humans in real time.

My work sits at the intersection of embodied intelligence, active sensing, and human–robot collaboration. I connect foundation models, planning under uncertainty, and proprioceptive-inspired sensing into a unified vision of proactive, adaptive, and collaborative robotic co-scientists in the field.

Reasoning & Planning using foundation model

Adaptive Communication Support for Human-Robot Collaboration

Submitted to ACM Transactions on Human-Robot Interaction (THRI)

Workshop on Multimodal AI Collaborations @ AAAI 2025

Shipeng Liu, FNU Shrutika, Boshen Zhang, Zhehui Huang, Gaurav S. Sukhatme, and Feifei Qian

  • - Submitted to ACM Transactions on Human-Robot Interaction (THRI)
  • - Workshop on Multimodal AI Collaborations @ AAAI 2025
  • - Novel LLM-powered framework with DAG architecture for adaptive communication
  • - Dual-module system: Coordinator (strategic) + Manager (tactical) for human-robot teaming
  • - Dynamic transition between passive and active interaction modes based on task complexity

Towards Real-time Adaptation of Embodied Agent in Human-Robot Collaboration

Language Models for Planning Workshop @ AAAI 2025

Shipeng Liu†, Boshen Zhang†, Zhehui Huang, Feifei Qian, and Gaurav S. Sukhatme

  • - Submitted to Language Models for Planning Workshop @ AAAI 2025
  • - Novel fine-grained benchmark with 22 layouts to assess proactive adaptability and temporal responsiveness
  • - MonTA framework using hierarchical LLM approach (fast monitor + slow adapters)
  • - Real-time adaptation capabilities enabling proactive decision-making in collaborative scenarios
  • - 75% reasonability in human expert evaluations of adaptation plans and instructions
  • - Significant performance improvements in low-teaming-fluency scenarios

Robot locomotion & navigation

Scout-Rover cooperation: online terrain strength mapping and traversal risk estimation for planetary-analog explorations

LPSC 2025

Shipeng Liu, J. Diego Caporale, William Hoganson, Xingjue Liao, Yifeng Zhang, Shivangi Misra, Neha Peddinti, Rachel Holladay, Wilson Hu, Ethan Fulcher, Uland Wong, Daniel E. Koditschek, Cynthia Sung, and Feifei Qian

  • - In submission
  • - Scout-rover cooperation for online terrain strength mapping and traversal risk estimation
  • - Planetary-analog exploration applications
  • - Multi-institutional collaboration across multiple institutions

Safe Active Navigation and Exploration for Planetary Environments Using Proprioceptive Measurements

Multi-Objective Optimization Workshop @ RSS 25

Shipeng Liu†, Matthew Jiang†, and Feifei Qian

  • - Multi-Objective Optimization Workshop @ RSS 25
  • - Safe active navigation and exploration using proprioceptive measurements
  • - Joint work towards robust planetary navigation policies

Bio-inspired tail oscillation enables fast crawling on deformable granular terrains

Arxiv

Shipeng Liu, Meghana Sagare, Shubham Patil, and Feifei Qian

  • - Bio-inspired tail oscillation for fast crawling on deformable granular terrains
  • - Demonstrates effective locomotion strategies leveraging body-tail interactions

Adaptive Locomotion on Mud through Proprioceptive Sensing of Substrate Properties

RSS (Robotics: Science and Systems), 2025

Shipeng Liu, Jiaze Tang, Siyuan Meng, and Feifei Qian

  • - RSS (Robotics: Science and Systems), 2025
  • - Novel proprioceptive sensing method to estimate mud properties through actuator signals
  • - RFT-based approach for characterizing substrate strength and force responses
  • - Flipper-driven robot design for adaptive locomotion on varying muddy terrains
  • - Real-time adaptation prevents locomotion failures in complex, deformable natural environments

Adaptation of Flipper-Mud Interactions Enables Effective Terrestrial Locomotion on Muddy Substrates

IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA), 2024 & IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters (RAL)

Shipeng Liu, Boyuan Huang, and Feifei Qian

  • - IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA), 2024 & IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters (RAL)
  • - Novel force modeling approach measuring horizontal (shear) and vertical (extraction) forces
  • - Mudskipper-inspired robot design for studying terrestrial locomotion on muddy substrates
  • - Identified two distinct failure mechanisms: high water content (slippage) and low water content (entrapment)
  • - Non-monotonic performance dependence on mud water content with optimal performance at 25%-26%
  • - Adaptation strategies increased robot speed by more than 200%

Discrete Multi-Agent Path Finding via Discrete Categorical Diffusion

In preparation

Shipeng Liu et al.

  • - Novel approach to discrete multi-agent path finding using categorical diffusion models
  • - Constraint projection methods for ensuring feasible solutions
  • - Discrete optimization techniques for multi-agent coordination

Human behavior modelling

Modeling Experts' Sampling Strategy to Balance Multiple Objectives During Scientific Explorations

ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction (HRI 2024)

Shipeng Liu, Cristina G. Wilson, Zachary I. Lee, and Feifei Qian

  • - Proceedings of the 2024 ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction (HRI '24)
  • - 🏆 Best Paper Finalist (5%)
  • - Developed models to understand expert sampling strategies in scientific exploration
  • - Created web interfaces for interactive exploration of sampling strategies

Understanding Human Dynamic Sampling Objectives to Enable Robot-assisted Scientific Decision-Making

ACM Transactions on Human-Robot Interaction (THRI)

Shipeng Liu, Cristina G. Wilson, Bhaskar Krishnamachari, and Feifei Qian

  • - ACM Transactions on Human-Robot Interaction (THRI)
  • - Presented at ICRA Workshop, May 2022
  • - Presented at American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting, New Orleans, LA, 2021
  • - Developed frameworks for understanding human sampling objectives in scientific exploration

Media

My research on legged robots for space exploration has been featured in various media outlets worldwide:

Universe Today: Walking Moon Robots Possibly More Reliable than Lunar Rovers Universe Today
OPB: How a dog-like robot is training for space exploration on Mount Hood Oregon Public Broadcasting
KGW 8 - Portland, OR: Researchers using a four-legged robot on Mount Hood to help them land on the moon KGW 8 Portland
CBC Kids: A new kind of rover: Dog-like robot trained to explore the moon CBC Kids
Koin 6 - Portland, OR: Robot dog training to walk on the moon on Mt. Hood Koin 6 Portland
KATU 2 - Portland, OR: NASA tests walking robot on Mount Hood for space exploration with universities KATU 2 Portland
CBS News - Los Angeles, CA: NASA and USC Robotics Team Up to Strengthen Space Exploration Program CBS News Los Angeles
CBS Chicago: Robotic dog testing out surface for future exploration on the moon CBS Chicago
IEEE Spectrum: Video Friday: LASSIE On the Moon IEEE Spectrum
Futurism: NASA quietly training robot dog to navigate landscape of the moon Futurism
Reuters: Scientists train a robot to walk on the moon Reuters
NPR Weekend Edition: A robot dog is training on Earth to be able to go to space one day NPR Weekend Edition
BBC: Robot dog trains to walk on Moon in Oregon trials BBC
CBC: Meet Spirit, a robot being trained to walk on the moon CBC
7News Australian: Robot dog trained to walk on the moon 7News Australian

Awards & Honors

MHI Scholar Award USC
USC Top-off Fellowship USC
CURVE PhD Mentor Award USC
Best Paper Finalist HRI 2024
WiSE Travel Award USC
Provost's PhD Graduate School Fellowship USC
Outstanding Graduate Student Tongji University

Teaching Experience

Fall 2024
Linear Algebra Teaching Assistant
Spring 2024
Machine Learning Teaching Assistant
Fall 2023
Robotic Mobility Teaching Assistant
Spring 2023
Machine Learning Teaching Assistant
Fall 2022
Robotic Mobility Teaching Assistant
Fall 2018
Open Source Hardware and Programming Teaching Assistant

Projects

Build direct-drive robots and implementation of robot control

Build direct-drive robots

Use gearless brushless motors to build legged robots from scratch including 3d cad design, hardware design, and software control.

Implemented with motor control, can communication, and robot inverse kinematics controller and integrated them using ROS2 operation system.

From the proprioceptive information of each motor, we treat each motor as a torque sensor, and use it to estimate the external force.

Combining the estimated force information, and the changes of the physical world/terrain (from encoders and vision), we can understand the physical properties of world (terrain, object, etc.).

3D cad design Hardware/Electronic integration and debugging Robot inverse kinematics controller ROS2 operation system

Robot Planning & Navigation

Robot Planning & Navigation

Building interface based on foxglove for robot mapping,planning and navigation visualization.

Use Gaussian Process for mapping the terrain properties based on the proprioceptive information and develop potential field planning for robot navigation.

Integrate the entire workflow into a ros2 project to allow human to specify the planning and navigation goals

Conduct real-world field testing in NASA Ames Research Center, WhiteSands National Park, and USC campus.

Foxglove Planning and potential field based navigation ROS2 operation system

Operation interface

Human-robot interaction interface

Build web interface for human-robot interaction using react, javascript and flask

Build agents to discuss with human and help human in lauguage about the high level samplign planning and navigation goal.

React, Javascript, Flask LLM-powered agents RAG (Retrieval-Augmented Generation)

Autonomous driving simulation

Autonomous driving simulation generaltion

Build a scenario generator for autonomous driving simulation based on CARLA

Build a decision making testing case zoo for autonomous driving decision making testing

open-source in github

CARLA ROS2 Autonomous driving